What are the different memories used in a CISCO router?

- NVRAM stores the startup configuration file

- DRAM stores the configuration file that is being executed

- Flash Memory – stores the Cisco IOS.

How does RIP differ from IGRP?

RIP relies on the number of hops in order to determine the best route to a network. On the other hand, IGRP takes consideration many factors before it decides the best route to take, such as bandwidth, reliability, MTU and hop count.

What is the role of the LLC sublayer?

The LLC sublayer, short for Logical Link Control, can provide optional services to an application developer. One option is to provide flow control to the Network layer by using stop/start codes. The LLC can also provide error correction.

Does a bridge divide a network into smaller segments?

Not really. What a bridge actually does is to take the large network and filter it, without changing the size of the network.

What is a Window in networking terms?

A Window refers to the number of segments that is allowed to be sent from source to destination before an acknowledgement is sent back.

When does network congestion occur?

Network congestion occurs when too many users are trying to use the same bandwidth. This is especially true in big networks that do not resort to network segmentation.

What is the key advantage of using switches?

When a switch receives a signal, it creates a frame out of the bits that was extracted from that signal. With this process, it gains access and reads the destination address, after which it forwards that frame to the appropriate port. This is a very efficient means of data transmission, instead of broadcasting it on all ports.